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A Tradition in Transition, Water Management Reforms and Indigenous Spate Irrigation Systems in Eritrea
PhD, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, The Netherlands
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Spate irrigation is the least understood type of irrigation. This research gives an in-depth assessment of the century old Wadi Laba indigenous spate irrigation system in Eritrea. This system relied on earthen and brushwood structures and customary water rules to support subsistence livelihoods of the poor Wadi Laba communities. The research further analyses the effectiveness of a new headwork and contemporary water laws centred on water management reforms in order to increase the production and the standard of living. So far most of the reforms have under performed due to an inappropriate technical package, a misconception that spate water rules are fixed entitlements, inadequate regard to salinity, sodicity and nutrient management, and lag in institutional development. The consequences comprise a reduction of cultivation in a third of the 2,600 ha irrigated area, potentially 50% yield reduction due to salinity and nitrogen deficiency, and severe sedimentation in the canals and structures.--BOOK JACKET.
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