Book Details

Collective Enforcement of Consumer Law: Securing Compliance in Europe through Private Group Action and Public Authority Intervention

Since the beginning of the 21st century, however, a new trend seems to emerge. Apart from legislation supporting the development of new markets and marketing techniques (e-commerce, distance selling and distance marketing of financial services), the attention is gradually shifting from improving consumer rights through substantive law to improving access to consumer justice.

There are at least two aspects to this latter trend. On the one hand, European policy-makers tend to promote alternative dispute resolution, such as mediation, online dispute resolution, informal dispute resolution boards, arbitrational courts etc. On the other hand, following positive experience in especially the United Kingdom and the Scandinavian countries, the individual enforcement of consumer rights was supplemented by collective action schemes, either entitling (private law) consumer organisations to act on behalf of the collective of consumers, or establishing regulatory agencies in public law to do so.

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